Publications

June 29 – July 3, 2026
19th International Conference on Advanced Computational Engineering and Experimentation, Rhodes (Greece)

• M. Merkel, K. Stute, C. Schuler, M. Fateri
  Opportunities and Challenges of EBM
• C. Rockinger, M. Merkel
  Generative Design and Additively Manufactured Sacrificial Molds for Hybrid Aluminum Cast Components
• K. Stute, M. Merkel
  Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel: Challenges and Material Behavior
• J. Kortsch-Banzhaf, J. Tomas, S. Sharada Ramakrishna, C. Rockinger, J. Albrecht, M. Merkel
  Thermal Conductivity of Additively Manufactured Aluminum Alloys

May 25–29, 2026
Postgraduate Seminar 2026, Advanced Structural Materials: Development – Manufacturing – Characterization – Applications, Olbia (Sardinia)

• C. Rockinger, L.-S. Apfelbacher, M. Merkel
  Generative Design and Process Development for Hybrid AM-Casting
• K. Stute, R. Wenger, P. Paulus, M. Merkel
  Material Behavior and Processing Challenges in Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel
• J. Kortsch-Banzhaf, U. Bingel, I. Majdacic, M. Dürr, H. Willig, M. Merkel
  Thermal Conductivity of Copper Foils with Integrated Diamond Particles

February 25, 2026
3rd Freemelt User Forum (FUF 2026), Gothenburg (Sweden)
M. Merkel, M. Fateri, C. Schuler, K. Stute
First Steps with EBM as an Extension of AM

July 1–5, 2024
17th International Conference on Advanced Computational Engineering and Experimenting, Barcelona (Spain)

• M.H. Sert, M. Merkel
  Additive Manufacturing via AI-Driven Generative Design
• J. Kortsch-Banzhaf, S. Sharada Ramakrishna
  Thermal Conductivity of Additively Manufactured Aluminum Alloys
• C. Rockinger, J. Tomas, M. Rupp, M. Merkel
  An Analysis of Technical and Economic Aspects of Digital Spare Parts on Various Materials in PBF-LB/M
• A. Herkommer, D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel
  Effective Measurement Procedures for Evaluating Battery Conditions in Electric Vehicles with Variable Loads

June 26–27, 2024
iVT EXPO, Cologne (Germany)
A. Herkommer, D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel
Mobile and Compact Battery Level Monitoring System

May 20–24, 2024
Postgraduate Seminar 2024, Advanced Structural Materials: Development – Manufacturing – Characterization – Applications, Porto (Portugal)

• C. Rockinger, A. Arulalan, M. Merkel
  Additive Manufacturing with Biodegradable Materials
• J. Kortsch-Banzhaf, S. Sharada Ramakrishna, M. Merkel
  Thermal Conductivity of Additively Manufactured Aluminum Alloys
• A. Herkommer, D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel
  A System for Evaluating the Health Status of Traction Battery Systems

October 30 – November 2, 2023
The 24th Annual International RAPDASA Conference, Advanced Manufacturing Beyond Borders, Pretoria (South Africa)
M. Merkel
3D Metal Printing & Center for Virtual Product Development

September 11–15, 2023
10th Convention of the European Acoustics Association, Turin (Italy)
J. Benz, F. Czwielong, A. Renz, C. Ocker, M. Sedlmajer, M. Merkel, S. Schoder, S. Becker
Influence of Chord Length and Load Distribution Modification on the Sound Emission and Efficiency of a Benchmark Fan

July 3–7, 2023
16th International Conference on Advanced Computational Engineering and Experimenting, Crete (Greece)

• J. Tomas, M. Merkel, H. Altenbach
  Determination of the Properties of Individual Layers in 3D Metal Printing
• J. Kortsch-Banzhaf, S. Sharada Ramakrishna, M. Merkel
  High-Temperature Thermal Conductivity of Additively Manufactured Metal Measured Using the Hot Disk Method

June 20, 2023
Esslingen University of Applied Sciences Ph.D. Student Seminar 2023, Esslingen (Germany)
J. Kortsch-Banzhaf, M. Merkel
Liquid-Repellent Surfaces on Smart Substrates

March 6–9, 2023
DAGA – 49th Annual Conference on Acoustics, Hamburg (Germany)
F. Czwielong, J. Benz, A. Renz, C. Ocker, M. Sedlmajer, M. Merkel, S. Becker
The Prandtl Fan—The Bell-Shaped Power Distribution for Minimal Induced Drag

February 20–24, 2023
Postgraduate Seminar 2023, Advanced Structural Materials: Development – Manufacturing – Characterization – Applications, Barcelona (Spain)

• J. Tomas, M. Merkel, H. Altenbach
  Thermography and Heating in Additive Manufacturing Processes
• J. Kortsch-Banzhaf, M. Merkel
  Liquid-Repellent Surfaces on Intelligent Substrates
  

October 19–20, 2022
Symposium on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (HEV), Gifhorn (Germany)
D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel, D.K. Harrison
Integration of a Hybrid Drive Train in a Multifunctional Vehicle Using Forward-Looking Production Processes with Specially Adapted Driving Cycles

October 12–13, 2022
21st International Sealing Conference (ISC), Stuttgart (Germany)
F. Koehn, M. Sedlmajer, A. Guetlein, M. Merkel, J. Albrecht
Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt: Using 3D Metal Printing to Create Wear-Resistant Coatings for Technical Applications

July 3–7, 2022
15th International Conference on Advanced Computational Engineering and Experimenting, Florence (Italy)

• J. Tomas, M. Merkel, H. Altenbach
  The Mechanical and Thermal Properties of the Unidirectional Exposure Strategy at Different Angles
• M. Merkel, C. Ocker
  Additive Manufacturing of Porous Structures

February 28 – March 4, 2022
Postgraduate Seminar 2022, Advanced Structural Materials: Development – Manufacturing – Characterization – Applications, Malta
J. Tomas, C. Ocker, M. Merkel, H. Altenbach
Relationship Between Aluminum Alloy Properties and Exposure Strategy in Laser Powder Bed Fusion

January 13–14, 2022
5th Annual Electrification & Battery Development for Non-Road Applications—TBM Evolution Group, Virtual Event
D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel, D.K. Harrison
Implementing Effective Cooling Solutions for Electric Drivelines

November 11, 2021
Additive Manufacturing Workshop, Heidenheim (Germany)
C. Ocker, J. Tomas, and M. Merkel
Thermal and Mechanical Anisotropy in Additive Manufacturing

September 21–23, 2021
iVT EXPO – Electric, Hybrid, and Alternative Powertrain Solutions, Virtual Event
D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel, D.K. Harrison
Decision Matrix for Additively Manufactured Components: The Example of a Modular and Scalable Electric Drive Platform for NRMM Using Functionally Integrated Cooling Components

August 15–18, 2021
DAGA 2021 – 47th Annual Conference on Acoustics, Vienna (Austria)

• C. Ocker, F. Czwielong, F. Krömer, P. Chaitanya, W. Pannert, S. Becker
  Sound source localization on slotted axial fans using rotating beamforming
• C. Ocker, F. Czwielong, T. F. Geyer, M. Merkel, S. Becker
  Structured Porosity for Noise Reduction in Axial Fans
• J. Krotsch, C. Ocker, M. Delija
  Annular Microphone Array for Characterizing Rotor Structural Vibrations in External-Rotor Motors

August 2–6, 2021
AIAA Aviation Forum, Virtual Event
C. Ocker, F. Czwielong, T. F. Geyer, P. Chaitanya, M. Merkel, S. Becker
Permeable Structures for Leading Edge Noise Reduction

July 14, 2021
BW-CAR Research Group: Materials Design and Manufacturing (MDM) – Efficient Materials and Components for Electric Mobility, Stuttgart (Germany)

• J. Tomas, M. Merkel
  Thermal Anisotropy for Energy-Efficient Components in Electric Mobility
• D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel, D.K. Harrison
  Integration of a Hybrid Powertrain into a Multifunctional Vehicle

July 4–8, 2021
14th International Conference on Advanced Computational Engineering and Experimenting, Malta

• J. Tomas, C. Ocker, M. Merkel
  Resulting Anisotropic Properties of Printed Aluminum Alloy Parts Without Rotation Angle Implementation in the Manufacturing Process
• J. Tomas, A. Kah, T. Obermayer, L. Hitzler, B. Heine, E. Werner, M. Merkel
  On the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Invar36 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

June 23–26, 2021
VI International Scientific Conference Industry 4.0 – Summer Session, Varna (Bulgaria)

February 24–25, 2021
WerkstoffPlus Auto 2021, Virtual Event
D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel, D.K. Harrison
Development of a Hybrid Electric Drive Train for Non-Road Mobile Machinery Using Additive Manufacturing

February 23, 2021
8th Symposium on Hybrid and Energy-Efficient Drives for Mobile Machinery, Virtual Event
D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel, D. K. Harrison
Development of a Hybrid Electric Powertrain for Non-Road Mobile Machinery Using an Application-Adapted Driving Profile

February 9–10, 2021
iVT EXPO – Electric, Hybrid, and Alternative Powertrain Solutions, Virtual Event
D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel, D. K. Harrison
Development of an Electrified Drive Platform in Interaction with Adapted Load Cycles and the Potential of Additive Manufacturing

January 18–19, 2021
4th Annual Electrification & Battery Development for Non-Road Applications, Virtual Event
D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel, D.K. Harrison
Additive Manufacturing as a Basis for Efficient and Resource-Saving NRMM

September 15–17, 2020
E-Motive 12th Conference, Virtual Event
D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel, S. Reusch, D.K. Harrison
Modular and Scalable Electric Drive Platform for Non-Road Mobile Machinery

June 15–19, 2020
iVT EXPO Industrial Vehicle Technology

June 15–19, 2020
AIAA Aviation Forum, Virtual Event
C. Ocker, T. F. Geyer, F. Czwielong, F. Krömer, M. Merkel, S. Becker,
Experimental Investigation of the Impact of 3D-Metal-Printed Perforated Leading Edges on Airfoil and Axial Fan Noise

Feb. 25–27, 2020
WindForS Spring Meeting, Stuttgart (Germany)

February 6–7, 2020
3rd Annual Electrification & Battery Development for Non-Road Applications, Frankfurt (Germany)
D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel, D.K. Harrison
Driving cycles: an evaluation tool for designing efficient, emission-free NRMM

January 27–29, 2020
WJAM International Conference / Welding, Joining & Additive Manufacturing, Ramat Gan (Israel)
J. Tomas, M. Merkel, H. Altenbach
Dimensional Accuracy and Fatigue Strength of H13 Components Produced Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion

July 1–5, 2019
13th International Conference on Advanced Computational Engineering and Experimenting, Athens (Greece)

• H. Baumgartl, J. Tomas, R. Büttner, M. Merkel
  A Novel Deep-Learning Approach for Automated Non-Destructive Testing in Quality Assurance Based on Convolutional Neural Networks
• D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel, D.K. Harrison
  A Study on Additive Manufacturing for E-Mobility

April 1–5, 2019
Hannover Messe, Hanover (Germany)

March 21, 2019
MAV Innovation Forum, Böblingen (Germany)

February 13–14, 2019
IVT Electric & Hybrid Industrial Vehicle Technology Conference, Cologne (Germany)
D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel, D.K. Harrison
An Electrified Drive and Control Platform for Multifunctional Vehicles

October 23, 2018
Lightweight Construction Technology Day 2018, Schwäbisch Gmünd (Germany)

September 24–28, 2018
"100 Hours of Tomorrow" Theme Week on the Digital Future and Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Stuttgart (Germany)

September 24–27, 2018
Experience Additive Manufacturing, Augsburg (Germany)

September 22–23, 2018
Make Ostwürttemberg: FUTURE. TRENDS. DIGITALIZATION, Heidenheim (Germany)

August 20–25, 2018
IUTAM Symposium on Mechanical Design and Analysis for AM Technologies, Moscow (Russia)
J. Tomas, M. Merkel, H. Altenbach
On optical thermography in the selective laser melting process

July 1–5, 2018
12th International Conference on Advanced Computational Engineering and Experimenting, Amsterdam (Netherlands)

May 14–17, 2018
3rd International Conference on Progress in Additive Manufacturing (Pro-AM), Singapore
J. Tomas, T. Schubert, T. Bernthaler, M. Merkel, G. Schneider, D. Sellmer
Laser sintering of tungsten carbide cutter shafts with integrated cooling channels

April 23–27, 2018
Hannover Messe, Hanover (Germany)

July 3–6, 2017
11th International Conference on Advanced Computational Engineering and Experimenting, Vienna (Austria)

July 3–6, 2016
10th International Conference on Advanced Computational Engineering and Experimenting, Split (Croatia)

May 16–19, 2016
2nd International Conference on Progress in Additive Manufacturing (Pro-AM), Singapore

June 29–July 2, 2015
9th International Conference on Advanced Computational Engineering and Experimenting, Munich (Germany)

F. Czwielong, C. Ocker, C. Brede, H. Wölker, E. Bagheri, M. Merkel, and S. Becker
Experimental Investigation of the Aeroacoustic Properties of Axial Fan Blade Riblets Under Various Inflow Conditions.
In: Proceedings of the 32nd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustic Conference, 2026–3559, 2026.
DOI: doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-3559

M. Sarvar Rasheed, C. Rockinger, M. Merkel, and A. Al Ahmari,
Microstructural and Compositional Analysis of Debris in Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining of Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloy and Stainless Steel (SS304).
Material Science & Engineering Technology, 2026
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.70131

S. Feldmann, S. Schwarzer, M. Merkel, H.R. Saadati, L. Lenz, J. Gros, C. Kiener, A. Arulalan, M. Wiedemann, D. Aschenbrenner,
Hybrid Intelligence for Collaborative Assembly: Integrating Human and Robotic Agents via Shared Perception-Cognition-Action Cycles.
2025 International Conference on Sustainable Technologies for Humanity and Smart World (HSWTech), pp. 1–6, 2025.
DOI: 10.1109/HSWTech64936.2025.11278135

D. Grützner, G. Schultheiß, F. Czwielong, M. Merkel, and S. Becker,
Additively Manufactured (PBF-LB) Modular Fan Blades with Structured Porosity for Noise Reduction in Turbulent Inflow Conditions.
In: Proceedings Fan 2025 – International Conference on Fan Noise, Aerodynamics, Applications, and Systems, 2025.

D. Grützner, G. Schultheiß, B. Berchtenbreiter, M. Sedlmajer, M. Merkel, and S. Becker,
Acoustic Determination of the Porosity of Additively Manufactured Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structures.
Proceedings of DAS|DAGA 2025, pp. 537–540, 2025.
DOI: doi.org/10.71568/dasdaga2025.303

J. Kortsch-Banzhaf, J. Tomas, and M. Merkel,
Heat Transfer—Modeling, Simulation, Measurement.
In: Altenbach, H., Hitzler, L., Johlitz, M., Merkel, M., Öchsner, A. (eds) Lecture Notes on Advanced Structured Materials 3. Advanced Structured Materials, vol. 226. Springer, Cham, pp. 71–83, 2025.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77403-4_4

J. Kortsch-Banzhaf, F. Schäfer, S. Ruck, F. Köhn, H. Riegel, M. Merkel, and J. Albrecht,
“Laser Patterning of TiAlN for the Creation of Surfaces with Selective, Anisotropic Wetting.”
In: Altenbach, H., Hitzler, L., Johlitz, M., Merkel, M., Öchsner, A. (eds) Lecture Notes on Advanced Structured Materials 3. Advanced Structured Materials, vol. 226. Springer, Cham, pp. 415–425, 2025.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77403-4_24

A. Herkommer, D. Schuhmann, and M. Merkel,
A System for Evaluating the Health Status of Traction Battery Systems in Electric-Powered Vehicles.
In: Altenbach, H., Hitzler, L., Johlitz, M., Merkel, M., Öchsner, A. (eds) Lecture Notes on Advanced Structured Materials 3. Advanced Structured Materials, vol. 226. Springer, Cham, pp. 439–448, 2025.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77403-4

A. Arulalan, C. Rockinger, and M. Merkel,
Fabrication and Comparison of Recycled PLA with Recycled PLA/Hemp Composite Using the FFF Process.
In: Altenbach, H., Hitzler, L., Johlitz, M., Merkel, M., Öchsner, A. (eds) Lecture Notes on Advanced Structured Materials 3. Advanced Structured Materials, vol. 226. Springer, Cham., pp. 103–116, 2025.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77403-4_6
A. Herkommer, D. Schuhmann, and M. Merkel,
Autonomous Battery System for Evaluating and Predicting the Future Performance of Traction Batteries—A Data-Driven Approach.
In: Hybrid and Energy-Efficient Drives for Mobile Machinery: 10th Symposium, pp. 143–158, 2025.
DOI: doi.org/10.5445/KSP/1000177444

C. Rockinger, J. Tomas, J., M. Rupp, M. Sedlmajer, J. Kortsch-Banzhaf, and M. Merkel,
An Analysis of Technical and Economic Aspects of Digital Spare Parts on Various Materials in Powder Bed Fusion of Metals Using a Laser Beam (PBF-LB/M).
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 56(6), pp. 884–892, 2025.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.1745

M. Kul, B. Akgül, Y.Z. Karabay, L. Hitzler, E. Sert, and M. Merkel,
Minimum and Stable Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Achieved by Three-Step Heat Treatment of Invar 36.
Crystals 2024, vol. 14(12), 1097, 2024.
DOI: doi.org/10.3390/cryst14121097

D. Grützner, G. Schultheiß, C. Ocker, S. Becker, M. Merkel, and F. Czwielong,
The Role of Porous Structures in Sound Reduction in Axial Fans.
DAGA 2024 – 50th Annual Conference on Acoustics, pp. 1183–1186, 2024.
ISBN: 978-3-939296-22-5

J. Kortsch-Banzhaf, S. Höing, L. Kallien, and M. Merkel,
Thermal Conductivity as a Function of the Composition of an AlSi10MnMg Secondary Alloy.
Material Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 55(6), pp. 910–916, 2024.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202300408

F. Ferrano, M. Fateri, M. Merkel, and J. Hertel,
Simulating Elastoplastic and Anisotropic Behavior in Thermoplastic Additively Manufactured Components: An Application-Oriented Modeling Approach.
Polymers, vol. 16(9), 1234, 2024.
DOI: doi.org/10.3390/polym16091234

G. Schultheiss, B. Heine, and M. Merkel,
Characterization of flexural fatigue behavior of additively manufactured (PBF–LB) gyroid structures.
Progress in Additive Manufacturing, vol. 9, pp. 1331–1340, 2024.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s40964-024-00607-y

J. Kortsch-Banzhaf, G. Schultheiss, and M. Merkel,
Investigation of the Thermophysical Properties of Porous Steel Components Produced by Selective Laser Melting.
Lecture Notes on Advanced Structured Materials 2. Advanced Structured Materials, vol. 203. Springer, Cham, pp. 131–137, 2024.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49043-9

E. Sert, J. Köppel, M. Butze, F. Brockmann, M. Merkel, and A. Öchsner,
Determination of the Fatigue Behavior of Laser Powder-Bed Fused AlSi10Mg Specimens Using Surface and Heat Treatments.
Lecture Notes on Advanced Structured Materials 2. Advanced Structured Materials, vol. 203. Springer, Cham, pp. 171–189, 2024.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49043-9_10

J. Kortsch-Banzhaf, S. Sharada Ramanakrishna, C. Rockinger, and M. Merkel,
Thermal Anisotropy Using the Hot Disk Method.
In: Öchsner, A. (eds) Collaborative Research Advancing Engineering Solutions for Real-World Challenges, pp. 192–194, 2024.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48521-3_12

J. Sykora, M. Sedlmajer, T. Schubert, M. Merkel, L. Kroft, L. Kucerova, and J. Rehor,
Additive Manufacturing of WC-Co Specimens with Internal Channels.
Materials, vol. 16(11), 3907, 2023.
DOI: doi.org/10.3390/ma16113907

F. Czwielong, J. Benz, C. Ocker, A. Renz, M. Sedlmajer, M. Merkel, and S. Becker,
On the Aeroacoustic Properties of a Prandtl Fan.
Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo, vol. 6, 2023.
DOI: doi.org/10.1115/GT2023-103898

D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel, and D.K. Harrison,
Highly Efficient and Resource-Saving Function-Integrated Additively Manufactured Components for the Mobility of Tomorrow.
Quality Analysis of Additively Manufactured Metals, pp. 781–813, 2023.
DOI: doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-88664-2.00017-8

M. Merkel, M. Rupp, and M. Sedlmajer,
Digital Product Development by Additive Manufacturing.
In: Altenbach, H., Johlitz, M., Merkel, M., Öchsner, A. (eds) Lecture Notes on Advanced Structured Materials. Advanced Structured Materials, vol. 153, Springer, Cham, pp. 45–52, 2022.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11589-9_3

G. Schultheiss, J. Tomas, and M. Merkel,
Influence of Relative Humidity on Thermal Properties of Tool Steel Powder.
In: Altenbach, H., Johlitz, M., Merkel, M., Öchsner, A. (eds) Lecture Notes on Advanced Structured Materials. Advanced Structured Materials, vol. 153, Springer, Cham, pp. 131–137, 2022.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11589-9_8

D. Schuhmann, G. Pinto, M. Merkel, and D. K. Harrison,
A Study on Additive Manufacturing of Metal Components for Mobility in the After-Sales Sector, Including Spare and Performance Parts.
Vehicles, vol. 4(4), pp. 957–977, 2022.
DOI: doi.org/10.3390/vehicles4040052

D. Schuhmann, C. Rockinger, M. Merkel, and D. K. Harrison,
A Study on Additive Manufacturing for Electromobility.
World Electric Vehicle Journal, vol. 13(8), 154, 2022.
DOI: doi.org/10.3390/wevj13080154

D. Schuhmann, M. Rupp, M. Merkel, and D. K. Harrison,
Additive vs. Conventional Manufacturing of Metal Components: Selection of the Manufacturing Process Using the AHP Method.
Processes, vol. 10(8), 1617, 2022.
DOI: doi.org/10.3390/pr10081617

M. Rupp, R. Klink, M. Merkel, and D. K. Harrison,
Additive Manufacturing in the Context of Industry 4.0: A Review of Energy Consumption and Build Time Estimation for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processes.
Industry 4.0, vol. 7(4), pp. 118–122, 2022.
ISSN (Online): 2534-997X

J. Tomas, M. Merkel, and H. Altenbach,
On Optical Thermography in the Selective Laser Melting Process.
Mechanics of Solids, vol. 57, pp. 597–603, 2022.
DOI: doi.org/10.3103/S0025654422030207

L. Hitzler, M. Z. S. Hameed, A. Kah, M. Merkel, and E. Werner,
Thermal expansion and temperature-dependent Young’s modulus of Invar fabricated via laser powder-bed fusion.
Progress in Additive Manufacturing, vol. 7(3), pp. 463–470, 2022.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s40964-022-00299-2

B. Heine, A. Kah, M. Sedlmajer, C. Ocker, and M. Merkel,
Impact of Corrosion on the Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Invar 36.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 53(3), pp. 316–327, 2022.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202100340

M. Rupp, M. Buck, R. Klink, M. Merkel, and D. K. Harrison,
Additive manufacturing of steel for digital spare parts – A perspective on carbon emissions for decentralized production.
*Cleaner Environmental Systems*, vol. 4, 100069, 2022.
DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.cesys.2021.100069

P. Mindermann, R. Müllner, E. Dieringer, C. Ocker, R. Klink, M. Merkel, and G. T. Gresser,
Design of Fiber-Composite/Metal–Hybrid Structures Made by Multi-Stage Coreless Filament Winding.
Applied Sciences, vol. 12(5), 2296, 2022.
DOI: doi.org/10.3390/app12052296

C. Ocker, E. Blumendeller, P. Berlinger, W. Pannert, and A. Clifton,
Localization of wind turbine noise using a microphone array in wind tunnel measurements.
*Wind Energy*, vol. 25(1), pp. 149–167, 2022.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2665

C. Ocker, T. F. Geyer, F. Czwielong, F. Krömer, W. Pannert, M. Merkel, and S. Becker,
Permeable Leading Edges for Airfoil and Fan Noise Reduction in Disturbed Inflow.
AIAA Journal, vol. 59(12), pp. 4969–4986, 2021.
DOI: doi.org/10.2514/1.J060396

C. Ocker and W. Pannert,
Three-dimensional acoustic energy flow from rotating sound sources.
Acta Acustica, vol. 5, no. 48, 2021.
DOI: doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2021042

F. Köhn, M. Sedlmajer, J. Albrecht, and M. Merkel,
Additive Manufacturing of Tungsten Carbide Surfaces with Extreme Wear Resistance.
Coatings, vol. 11(10), 1240, 2021.
DOI: doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101240

C. Ocker, F. Czwielong, T. F. Geyer, P. Chaitanya, M. Merkel, and S. Becker,
Permeable Structures for Leading Edge Noise Reduction.
AIAA AVIATION 2021 FORUM, 2021-2192, 2021.
DOI: doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2192

C. Ocker, F. Czwielong, F. Krömer, P. Chaitanya, W. Pannert, and S. Becker,
Sound Source Localization on Slotted Axial Fans Using Rotating Beamforming.
DAGA 2021 – 47th Annual Conference on Acoustics, pp. 769–772, 2021.
ISBN: 978-3-939296-18-8

C. Ocker, F. Czwielong, T. F. Geyer, M. Merkel, and S. Becker,
Structured Porosity for Noise Reduction in Axial Fans.
DAGA 2021 – 47th Annual Conference on Acoustics, pp. 1512–1515, 2021.
ISBN: 978-3-939296-18-8

J. Krotsch, C. Ocker, and M. Delija,
Ring-shaped Microphone Array for Characterizing Rotor Structural Vibrations in Outrunner Motors. DAGA 2021 – 47th Annual Conference on Acoustics, pp. 765–768, 2021.
ISBN: 978-3-939296-18-8

M. Rupp and M. Merkel,
Direct Digital Manufacturing—The Role of Cost Accounting for Online Hubs in Accessing Industry 4.0.
Proceedings of the VI International Scientific Conference Summer Session Industry 4.0, pp. 107–110, 2021.
ISSN (Online): 2535-0161

J. Tomas, A. Öchsner, and M. Merkel,
Experimental Study on the Thermal Properties of Hollow Sphere Structures.
Defect and Diffusion Forum, vol. 407(4), pp. 185–191, 2021.
DOI: doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.407.185

D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel, S. Reusch, and D.K. Harrison,
Development of a hybrid electric powertrain for non-road mobile machinery using application-adapted driving profiles.
In: Hybrid and Energy-Efficient Drives for Mobile Machinery: 8th Symposium, pp. 147–166, 2021.
DOI: 10.5445/KSP/1000127640

M. Rupp, M. Schneckenburger, M. Merkel, R. Börret, and D. K. Harrison,
Industry 4.0: A Technology-Oriented Definition Based on Bibliometric Analysis and Literature Review.
Journal of Open Innovation, Technology, Market, and Complexity, vol. 7(1), 68, 2021.
DOI: doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010068

D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel, and D.K. Harrison,
Made to Measure.
Industrial Vehicle Technology International, vol. 28(4), pp. 36–40, 2020.
DOI: 10.12968/S1471-115X(23)70344-9

D. Schuhmann, M. Merkel, S. Reusch, and D.K. Harrison,
Modular and scalable electric drive platform for non-road mobile machinery.
Conference Report at E-motive 12th Expert Forum Electric Vehicle Drives, 2020.

J. Tomas, L. Hitzler, M. Köller, J. von Kobylinski, M. Sedlmajer, E. Werner, and M. Merkel,
The Dimensional Accuracy of Thin-Walled Parts Manufactured by the Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process.
Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, vol. 4(3), pp. 91–103, 2020.
DOI: doi.org/10.3390/jmmp4030091

E. Sert, L. Hitzler, M. Merkel, E. Werner, and A. Öchsner,
Additive manufacturing of AlSi10Mg samples using the selective laser melting technique: correlation between tensile and torsional behavior.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 51(7), pp. 856–861, 2020.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000083

C. Ocker, T.F. Geyer, F. Czwielong, F. Krömer, S. Becker, M. Merkel, and W. Pannert,
Experimental investigation of the impact of 3D-metal-printed perforated leading edges on airfoil and axial fan noise.
AIAA AVIATION 2020 FORUM, 2020.
DOI: doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2529

S. Hafenstein, L. Hitzler, E. Sert, A. Öchsner, M. Merkel, and E. Werner,
Critical Quenching Rates After Solution Annealing: Peculiarities of Aluminum–Silicon Alloys Fabricated by Laser Powder-Bed Fusion.
In: TMS 2020 149th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham, pp. 341–351, 2020.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36296-6_32

L. Hitzler, E. Sert, E. Schuch, A. Öchsner, M. Merkel, B. Heine, and E. Werner,
Fracture toughness of L-PBF-fabricated aluminum–silicon: a quantitative study on the role of crack growth direction with respect to layering.
Progress in Additive Manufacturing, vol. 5, pp. 259–266, 2020.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s40964-020-00113-x

E. Sert, L. Hitzler, S. Hafenstein, M. Merkel, E. Werner, and A. Öchsner,
Tensile and Compressive Behavior of Additively Manufactured AlSi10Mg Samples.
Progress in Additive Manufacturing, vol. 5(3), pp. 305–313, 2020.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s40964-020-00131-9

M. Steinhauser, E. Sert, L. Hitzler, A. Öchsner, and M. Merkel,
Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured H13 Tool Steel after Surface Treatment Using Different Post-Processing Methods.
Practical Metallography, vol. 57(3), pp. 140–167, 2020.
DOI: doi.org/10.3139/147.110599

L. Hitzler, S. Hafenstein, F. Mendez Martin, H. Clemens, E. Sert, A. Öchsner, M. Merkel, and E. Werner,
Heat Treatments and Critical Quenching Rates in Additively Manufactured AL–SI–MG Alloys.
Materials, vol. 13(3), pp. 720–737, 2020.
DOI: doi.org/10.3390/ma13030720

H. Baumgartl, J. Tomas, R. Buettner, and M. Merkel,
A deep learning-based model for defect detection in laser powder bed fusion using in-situ thermographic monitoring.
Progress in Additive Manufacturing, vol. 5(3), pp. 277–285, 2020.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s40964-019-00108-3

D. Schuhmann, F. Oppelt, M. Merkel, and D.K. Harrison,
Virtuous cycles: As hybridization and electrification evolve from automotive to off-highway, the adoption of new driving cycles will help enable more accurate and effective vehicle design.
Industrial Vehicle Technology International, vol. 27(4), pp. 48–53, 2019.
DOI: doi.org/10.12968/S1471-115X(23)70278-X

L. Hitzler, J. Hirsch, J. Tomas, M. Merkel, W. Hall, and A. Öchsner,
In-plane anisotropy of selectively laser-melted stainless steel: The importance of the rotation angle increment and the limitation window.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, vol. 233(7), pp. 1419–1428, 2019.
DOI: doi.org/10.1177/1464420718757068

E. Sert, E. Schuch, A. Öchsner, L. Hitzler, E. Werner, and M. Merkel,
Tensile Strength Performance with Determination of the Poisson’s Ratio of Additively Manufactured AlSi10Mg Samples.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 50(5), pp. 539–545, 2019.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201800233

S. Heilgeist, B. Heine, M. Merkel, L. Hitzler, Z. Javanbakht, and A. Öchsner,
The influence of post-heat treatments on the tensile strength and surface hardness of selectively laser-melted AlSi10Mg.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 50(5), pp. 546–552, 2019.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201800236

L. Hitzler, E. Sert, M. Merkel, A. Öchsner, and E. Werner,
Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Strength of Selective Laser-Melted Aluminum–Silicon: An Overview.
In: TMS 2019 148th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham, pp. 407–412, 2019.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05861-6_37

E. Sert, L. Hitzler, B. Heine, M. Merkel, E. Werner, and A. Öchsner,
Influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of additively manufactured ALSI10MG samples.
Practical Metallography, vol. 56(2), pp. 91–105, 2019.
DOI: doi.org/10.3139/147.110560

L. Hitzler, F. Alifui-Segbaya, P. Williams, B. Heine, M. Heitzmann, W. Hall, M. Merkel, and A. Öchsner,
Additive Manufacturing of Cobalt-Based Dental Alloys: Analysis of Microstructure and Physicomechanical Properties.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 2018, pp. 1687–1699, 2018.
DOI: doi.org/10.1155/2018/8213023

J. P. Körperich and M. Merkel,
Thermographic analysis of the effect of build height on the properties of tool steel in selective laser beam melting.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 49(5), pp. 689–695, 2018.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201800010

L. Hitzler, M. Merkel, W. Hall, and A. Öchsner,
A Review of Metals Fabricated Using Laser- and Powder-Bed-Based Additive Manufacturing Techniques: Process, Nomenclature, Materials, Achievable Properties, and Their Application in the Medical Sector.
Advanced Engineering Materials, vol. 20(5), pp. 1–28, 2018.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/adem.201700658

L. Hitzler, N. Schoch, B. Heine, M. Merkel, W. Hall, and A. Öchsner,
Compressive Behavior of Additively Manufactured AlSi10Mg.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 49(5), pp. 683–688, 2018.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201700239

E. Sert, L. Hitzler, M. Merkel, and A. Öchsner,
Development of additively manufactured, topology-optimized interface elements connecting an electric drivetrain to a conventional chassis.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 49(5), pp. 674–682, 2018.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201700274

J. Tomas, T. Schubert, T. Bernthaler, M. Merkel, G. Schneider, and D. Sellmer,
Laser sintering of tungsten carbide cutter shafts with integrated cooling channels.
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conferences on Progress in Additive Manufacturing, pp. 297–302, 2018.
DOI: doi.org/10.25341/D48G6C

A. Gütlein, F. Weber, T. Schubert, T. Bernthaler, M. Sedlmajer, and M. Merkel,
Manufacture of hybrid sliding rings using additive manufacturing processes.
Sealing Technology, Conference report: 20th International Sealing Conference ISC, vol. 2018(11), 2018.
DOI: doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4789(18)30433-1

L. Hitzler, P. Williams, M. Merkel, W. Hall, and A. Öchsner,
Correlation between the Energy Input and the Microstructure of Additively Manufactured Cobalt-Chromium.
Defect and Diffusion Forum, vol. 379, pp. 157–165, 2017.
DOI: doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.379.157

L. Hitzler, J. Hirsch, B. Heine, M. Merkel, W. Hall, and A. Öchsner,
On the Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser-Melted Stainless Steel.
Materials, vol. 10(10), pp. 1136–1155, 2017.
DOI: doi.org/10.3390/ma10101136

L. Hitzler, J. Hirsch, M. Merkel, W. Hall, and A. Öchsner,
Position-Dependent Surface Quality in Selective Laser Melting.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 48(5), pp. 327–334, 2017.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201600742

L. Hitzler, C. Janousch, J. Schanz, M. Merkel, B. Heine, F. Mack, W. Hall, and A. Öchsner,
Direction and Location Dependency of Selective Laser-Melted AlSi10Mg Specimens.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 243, pp. 48–61, 2017.
DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.11.029

J. Schanz, M. Hofele, S. Ruck, T. Schubert, L. Hitzler, G. Schneider, M. Merkel, and H. Riegel,
Metallurgical investigations of laser-remelted additively manufactured AlSi10Mg parts.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 48(5), pp. 463–476, 2017.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201700039

L. Hitzler, J. Hirsch, M. Merkel, and A. Öchsner,
Dependencies of surface quality on thermal environment and inclination angle in selectively laser-melted 316L steel.
Defect and Diffusion Forum, vol. 372, pp. 202–207, 2017.
DOI: doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.372.202

L. Hitzler, J. Hirsch, J. Schanz, B. Heine, M. Merkel, W. Hall, and A. Öchsner,
Fracture toughness of selectively laser-melted AlSi10Mg.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, vol. 233(4), pp. 615–621, 2017.
DOI: doi.org/10.1177/1464420716687337

J. Schanz, M. Hofele, L. Hitzler, M. Merkel, and H. Riegel,
Laser Polishing of Additive-Manufactured AlSi10Mg Parts with an Oscillating Laser Beam.
In: Öchsner, A., Altenbach, H. (eds) Machining, Joining and Modifications of Advanced Materials, Advanced Structured Materials, vol. 61. Springer, Singapore, pp. 159–169, 2016.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1082-8_16

A. Liebisch and M. Merkel,
On the Numerical Simulation of Thermal Behavior During the Selective Laser Melting Process.
*Materials Science & Engineering Technology*, vol. 47(5–6), pp. 521–529, 2016.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201600528

C. Janousch, R. Winkler, M. Merkel, H. Altenbach, and A. Öchsner,
On the isotropic and anisotropic thermal conductivity of metallic hollow sphere structures.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, vol. 230(3), pp. 789–798, 2016.
DOI: doi.org/10.1177/1464420715602726

L. Hitzler, C. Janousch, J. Schanz, M. Merkel, F. Mack, and A. Öchsner,
Non-destructive evaluation of AlSi10Mg prismatic samples generated by selective laser melting: Influence of manufacturing conditions.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 47(5-6), pp. 564–581, 2016.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201600532

A. Gütlein, F. Weber, A. Thiele, M. Merkel, M. Sedlmajer, and D. Vogt,
Cartridge seals with parts produced by laser beam melting.
Sealing Technology, Conference report: 19th International Sealing Conference ISC, vol. 2016(12), pp. 7–8, 2016.
DOI: doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4789(16)30397-X

U. Berger, M. Merkel, and A. Liebisch,
The influence of preheating on laser beam melting.
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Progress in Additive Manufacturing (Pro-AM 2016), pp. 306–311, 2016.
dr.ntu.edu.sg/handle/10220/41809

M. Araújo, C. Janousch, H. Schwenk, and M. Merkel,
Design of an adaptive high-precision clamping system for flexible bodies.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 46(4–5), pp. 377–386, 2015.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201500412

L. Hitzler, M. Merkel, and P. Freytag,
Design of a subframe to integrate an electric drivetrain into existing vehicles.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 46(4-5), pp. 377–386, 2015.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201500421

C. Janousch, R. Winkler, A. Wiegmann, W. Pannert, M. Merkel, and A. Öchsner,
Simulation and Experimental Validation of Acoustic Properties of Hollow Sphere Structures.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 45(5), 2014.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201400240

H. Riegel, M. Merkel, and A. Öchsner,
Laser drilling of hollow sphere structures.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 45(5), 2014.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201400239

H. Riegel, M. Merkel, A. Öchsner, M. Araújo, R. Thiede, and J. Fruhstuck,
Laser-beam-welded sandwich structures with a hollow sphere core.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 44(5), pp. 481–490, 2013.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201300153

M. Araújo, M. Merkel, H. Riegel, and A. Öchsner,
On the numerical simulation of laser beam cutting of hollow sphere structures.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 44(5), pp. 491–496, 2013.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201300154

H. Riegel, J. Fruhstuck, M. Merkel, R. Winkler, and A. Öchsner,
On the laser beam cutting of metallic hollow sphere structures.
Proc. SPIE 8603, High-Power Laser Materials Processing: Lasers, Beam Delivery, Diagnostics, and Applications II, 86030V, 2013.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007378

S. M. H. Hosseini, M. Merkel, and A. Öchsner,
Influence of the joint shape on the uniaxial mechanical properties of non-homogeneous bonded perforated hollow sphere structures.
Computational Materials Science, vol. 58, pp. 183–187, 2012.
DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2012.01.024

T. Fiedler, C. Veyhl, I.V. Belova, M. Tane, H. Nakajima, T. Bernthaler, M. Merkel, A. Öchsner, and G.E. Murch,
On the Anisotropy of Lotus-Type Porous Copper.
Advanced Engineering Materials, vol. 14(3), pp. 144–152, 2012.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/adem.201100205

R. Winkler, W. Pannert, M. Merkel, and A. Öchsner,
Structure-Borne Sound in Metallic Hollow Sphere Structures.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 42(5), pp. 365–369, 2011.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201100789

M. Speich, M. Merkel, and A. Öchsner,
Large deformation of core materials for sandwich panels.
Materials Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 41(5), pp. 270–275, 2010.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201000596

A. Öchsner, S. M. H. Hosseini, and M. Merkel,
Numerical simulation of the mechanical properties of sintered and bonded perforated hollow sphere structures (PHSS).
Journal of Material Science and Technology, vol. 26(8), pp. 730–736, 2010.
DOI: doi.org/10.1016/S1005-0302(10)60115-6

F. Ferrano, M. Speich, W. Rimkus, M. Merkel, and A. Öchsner,
Simulation of the impact behavior of diffusion-bonded and adhered perforated hollow sphere structures (PHSS).
Defect and Diffusion Forum, vol. 294, pp. 27–38, 2009.
DOI: doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.294.27

S. M. H. Hosseini, M. Merkel, and A. Öchsner,
Finite element simulation of the thermal conductivity of perforated hollow sphere structures (PHSS): Parametric study.
Materials Letters, vol. 63(13–14), pp. 1135–1137, 2009.
DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2008.10.009

W. Pannert, R. Winkler, and M. Merkel,
On the acoustic properties of metallic hollow sphere structures (MHSS).
Materials Letters, vol. 63(13-14), pp. 1121–1124, 2009.
DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2008.10.063

M. Speich, W. Rimkus, M. Merkel, and A. Öchsner,
Large deformation of metallic hollow spheres.
*Materials Science Forum*, vol. 623, pp. 105–117, 2009.
DOI: doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.623.105

A. Öchsner, S. M. H. Hosseini, and M. Merkel,
Numerical Simulation of Perforated Hollow Sphere Structures (PHSS) to Investigate Mechanical Properties. Materials Science Forum, vol. 620–622, pp. 275–278, 2009.
DOI: doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.620-622.275

S. M. H. Hosseini, M. Merkel, C. Augustin, and A. Öchsner,
Numerical prediction of the effective thermal conductivity of perforated hollow sphere structures.
Defect and Diffusion Forum, vol. 283–286, pp. 6–12, 2009.
DOI: doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.283-286.6

R. Winkler, M. Merkel, and A. Öchsner,
Experimental and numerical analyses of diffusion-bonded hollow sphere structures.
*Materials Science & Engineering Technology*, vol. 40(3), pp. 133–138, 2009.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.200900418

M. Merkel, W. Pannert, and R. Winkler,
On the Vibroacoustic Behavior of HSS.
In: Öechsner, A., Augustin, C. (eds) Multifunctional Metallic Hollow Sphere Structures. Engineering Materials. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 71–88, 2009.
DOI: doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00491-9_5

C. Veyhl, R. Winkler, M. Merkel, and A. Öchsner,
Mechanical Testing of Diffusion-Bonded Metallic Hollow Sphere Structures (MHSS).
Defect and Diffusion Forum, vol. 280–281, pp. 85–96, 2008.
DOI: doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.280-281.85

C. Veyhl, R. Winkler, M. Merkel, and A. Öchsner,
Structural Characterization of Diffusion-Bonded Hollow Sphere Structures.
Diffusion Forum, vol. 280–281, pp. 105–112, 2008.
DOI: doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.280-281.105

R. Winkler, M. Merkel, A. Öchsner, and W. Günter,
On the Vibration Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Hollow Sphere Structures.
*Materials Science & Engineering Technology*, vol. 39(2), pp. 139–142, 2008.
DOI: doi.org/10.1002/mawe.200700265